Journal of Community Mental Health and Public Policy

EVALUATING JOB CHARACTERISTICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES, AND OUTCOMES OF HOSPITAL NURSES USING JOB DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY: DESCRIPTIVE QUANTITATIVE

2025-10-03T04:56:04+00:00

Background: Nurses often face thevarious problems such as high workload, medical errors, lack of autonomy, and limited psychological support, which affect motivation, satisfaction, and quality of care. Purpose: To diagnose nurses' performance using the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) developed by Hackman and Oldham (1975). Methods: Used a quantitative method with a descriptive design and involved 160 nurses at X Hospital who had worked for at least the last six months. The research instrument has gone through a try-out test on 62 respondents with reliability results ranging from 0.772-0.910 and item differentiability index between 0.333-0.857. Results: Most of the dimensions of work, psychological conditions, and affective responses of nurses were below the JDS category standards. The mean values for Skill Variety (4.62), Task Identity (4.82), Task Significance (4.62), Autonomy (4.54), and Feedback (4.42). Psychological dimensions such as Experienced Meaningfulness (4.42), Experienced Responsibility (5.10), and Knowledge of Results (4.56), and affective dimensions such as General Satisfaction (4.56) and Internal Work Motivation (4.96) were below the standard. Only Specific Satisfaction (5.34) was above the category’s standard. Conclusion: Nurses' job satisfaction and motivation are low due to lack of task variety, autonomy, and feedback.

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Perawat yang sering menghadapi berbagai masalah seperti beban kerja tinggi, kesalahan medis, kurangnya otonomi, dan dukungan psikologis terbatas, yang memengaruhi motivasi, kepuasan, dan kualitas pelayanan. Tujuan: Untuk mendiagnosa kinerja perawat menggunakan Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) yang dikembangkan oleh Hackman dan Oldham (1975). Metode: Menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis deskriptif dan melibatkan 160 perawat di Rumah Sakit X yang telah bekerja minimal enam bulan terakhir. Instrumen penelitian telah melalui uji try out pada 62 responden dengan hasil reliabilitas berkisar antara 0,772–0,910 dan indeks daya pembeda item antara 0,333–0,857. Hasil: Sebagian besar dimensi pekerjaan, kondisi psikologis, dan respons afektif perawat berada di bawah standar kategori JDS. Nilai mean untuk Skill Variety (4,62), Task Identity (4,82), Task Significance (4,62), Autonomy (4,54), dan Feedback (4,42). Dimensi psikologis seperti Experienced Meaningfulness (4,42), Experienced Responsibility (5,10), dan Knowledge of Results (4,56), dan dimensi afektif seperti General Satisfaction (4,56) dan Internal Work Motivation (4,96) berada di bawah standar. Hanya Specific Satisfaction (5,34) berada di atas standar kategori. Kesimpulan: Kepuasan kerja dan motivasi perawat rendah karena kurangnya variasi tugas, otonomi, dan umpan balik.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY SHAMING WITH SELF-ESTEEM AND SUICIDE RISK AMONG LATE ADOLESCENTS AT JAKARTA, INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2025-10-03T04:56:04+00:00

Background: Physical changes during teenagers such as weight gain, height increase, and body shape transformation, can negatively affect self-perception. These changes often lead to body shaming behavior, which contributes to low self-esteem and increased suicide risk. Purpose: To determine the relationship between body shaming, self-esteem, and suicide risk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2024 involving 66 students from Vocational High School X in Jakarta. Data were collected using three instruments: the Body Shaming Questionnaire, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (Adult Form), and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Validity testing on 103 students from another school yielded 18 valid items for Body Shaming, 23 for CSEI, and 4 for SBQ-R. Results: There was a significant relationship between body shaming and self-esteem (p = 0.007; OR = 4.033; 95% CI: 1.445–11.257), and between body shaming and suicide risk (p = 0.040; OR = 2.875; 95% CI: 1.033–8.000). Conclusion: Body shaming is associated with lower self-esteem and increased suicide risk among late teenagers in Vocational High School, Jakarta.

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Perubahan fisik pada masa remaja seperti peningkatan berat dan tinggi badan serta perubahan bentuk tubuh dapat menimbulkan persepsi negatif terhadap diri sendiri. Hal ini sering memicu perilaku body shaming yang berdampak pada penurunan harga diri dan peningkatan risiko bunuh diri. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara body shaming dengan harga diri dan risiko bunuh diri. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini melibatkan 66 siswa di SMK Perbankan Nasional Jakarta pada Januari 2024. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga instrumen: Kuesioner Body Shaming, Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI) versi dewasa, dan Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Uji validitas dilakukan pada 103 siswa sekolah lain menghasilkan 18 item valid untuk Body Shaming, 23 item valid untuk CSEI, dan 4 item valid untuk SBQ-R. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara body shaming dan harga diri (p = 0,00; OR = 4,03; CI 95%: 1,445–11,257) serta hubungan antara body shaming dan risiko bunuh diri (p = 0,04; OR = 2,87; CI 95%: 1,033–8,000). Kesimpulan: Body shaming berhubungan dengan harga diri rendah dan peningkatan risiko bunuh diri pada remaja akhir di SMK Perbankan Nasional Jakarta.

FATHERING INFLUENCES PREDICT TEENAGER SMOKING ADDICTION

2025-10-03T04:56:04+00:00

Background: In Medan City, 12.42% of adolescents aged 15-24 years, or approximately 48,311 teenagers, are smokers. Adolescents from broken homes are at a higher risk of psychological distres, which can lead to negative behaviors such as smoking. Purpose: To examine and analyze the level of smoking addiction among adolescents and how the father's role influences it. Method: A quantitative analytical survey with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The population consisted of high school students, with a sample of 1,221 adolescents who had lived in Medan for at least five years. The instruments used were the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) and the Fatherhood Scale 64 (FS-64). Statistical analysis included ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, and Chi-Square tests. Results: Fatherless adolescents were 3.06 times more likely to be light smokers compared to those with a positive father figure. A significant negative correlation was found, indicating that the higher the father's role score, the lower the level of smoking addiction. Conclusion: The lack of a father figure in a child's life contributes to smoking addiction. The stronger the father's role in a child's life, the lower the level of smoking addiction, and vice versa.

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Di Kota Medan ditemukan remaja usia (15-24 tahun) yang merokok sebesar 12,42% atau sekitar 48.311 remaja di Kota Medan adalah seorang perokok. Remaja yang mengalami broken home sangat memicu peningkatan psikologis yang akhirnya akan menyebabkan remaja berperilaku negatif seperti merokok. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis tingkat kecanduan rokok remaja serta bagaimana peran ayah mempengaruhinya. Metode: Survey analitik kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi adalah remaja yang sedang duduk di bangku SMA dengan sampel sebanyak 1221 remaja, dengan karakteristik remaja yang tinggal di Medan paling sedikit 5 tahun. Instrumen menggunakan Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) dan Fatherhood Scale 64 (FS-64). Menggunakan statistik Anova, Korelasi Pearson dan Chi Square. Hasil: Anak Fatherless berisiko 3.06 kali merokok ringan dibandingkan pada remaja dengan peran ayah positif. Terdapat korelasi negatif signifikan dimana semakin tinggi skor peran ayah semakin rendah kecanduan merokok. Kesimpulan: Kurangnya peran ayah dalam kehidupan anak menyebabkan anak kecanduan merokok. Semakin tinggi peran ayah dalam hidup anak, maka semakin rendah tingkat kecanduan merokok pada anak, begitupun sebaliknya.

KNOWLEDGE AND CHARACTERISTICS DO NOT AFFECT THE STRESS OF MOTHERS CARING FOR AUTISTIC CHILDREN IN INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2025-10-03T04:56:05+00:00

Background: Autistic Spectrum Disorder is an incurable developmental disease. Parents who have autistic children must have the ability to care for them because they have differences especially in socializing, so parents experience stress in caring for them. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the characteristics and level of knowledge of mothers with the level of stress in caring for children with autism in bekasi city. Methods: A cross-sectional design with a sample of 67 respondents. Used Parenting Stress Scale questionnaire and the knowledge level questionnaire. The validity test was conducted on 30 respondents at Ananda therapy school with the results of the stress level questionnaire as many as 14 valid statement items, the knowledge level questionnaire 20 valid statements. Results: The results of the analysis of age characteristics with stress levels obtained a p-value of 0.534> α0.05, the results of economic status with stress levels obtained a p-value of 0.871> α0.05, the results of the level of education with stress levels obtained a p-value of 0.402> α0.05 and the results of the analysis of the level of knowledge with stress levels obtained a p-value of 0.389> α 0.05. Conclusion: There was no relationship between the characteristics of age, economic status, level of education and level of knowledge of mothers with the level of stress in caring for autistic children.

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Autistic Spectrum Disorder merupakan penyakit perkembangan yang tidak dapat disembuhkan. Orangtua yang memiliki anak autis harus memiliki kemampuan dalam merawat, sebab memiliki perbedaan khususnya dalam bersosialisasi, sehingga orangtua mengalami stress dalam merawat. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik orangtua dan tingkat pengetahuan ibu dengan tingkat stress dalam merawat anak autis di kota bekasi. Metode: Desain cross-sectional menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel 67 responden. Menggunakan kuesioner Parenting Stress Scale dan kuesioner tingkat pengetahuan ibu. Uji validitas dilaksanakan pada 30 responden di sekolah terapi Ananda dengan hasil kuesioner tingkat stress sebanyak 14 item pernyataan valid, kuesioner tingkat pengetahuan 20 pernyataan valid. Hasil: Hasil dari analisis karakteristik usia dengan tingkat stress didapat p-value yaitu 0,534 > α 0,05, hasil dari status ekonomi dengan tingkat stress didapatkan p-value sebesar 0,871 > α 0,05, hasil dari tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat stress didapatkan p-value sebesar 0,402 > α0,05 dan hasil dari analisis tingkat pengetahuan dengan tingkat stress didapatkan p-value sebesar 0,389> α 0,05. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan karakteristik usia, status ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan serta tingkat pengetahuan ibu dengan tingkat stress dalam merawat anak autis.

RELIGIOUS COPING AND PARENTAL BURNOUT AMONG MOTHERS WORKING AS NURSES IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2025-10-03T04:56:05+00:00

Background: mothers who are employed as nurses encounter dual responsibilities, entailing both onerous workloads in medical facilities and demanding parenting duties in their homes. This dual burden has been shown to heighten the risk of parental burnout. Parental burnout, defined as emotional and physical exhaustion in parenting, has the potential to adversely impact parent-child relationships and child development. One approach to coping with this condition is through religious coping, which involves relying on religious beliefs and practices to manage life's difficulties. Purpose: To examine the relationship between religious coping and parental burnout among mothers working as nurses in Aceh. Methods: Quantitative correlational approach was employed with 173 nurse mothers selected using purposive sampling. Data were gathered using the Iranian Religious Coping Scale and the Parental Burnout Assessment. Results: The result of the study indicated that there was no significant relationship between religious coping and parental burnout. Despite the elevated levels of religious coping exhibited by the participants, particularly through practices such as prayer and salat, there was an absence of indications suggesting parental burnout. Conclusion: While religious coping may offer a mechanism for managing general stress, it is not sufficient to address the complex and multidimensional challenges associated with parental burnout. However, a study of nurse mothers in Aceh revealed that those who exhibited high levels of religious coping did not experience parental burnout.

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Ibu yang bekerja sebagai perawat menghadapi tanggung jawab ganda yaitu beban kerja yang tinggi di rumah sakit dan tugas mengasuh anak di rumah, yang meningkatkan risiko mengalami parental burnout. Parental burnout merupakan kondisi kelelahan emosional dan fisik dalam menjalani peran sebagai orang tua, yang dapat berdampak negatif pada hubungan orang tua dan anak serta perkembangan anak. Salah satu pendekatan untuk mengatasi kondisi ini adalah coping religius, yaitu mengandalkan keyakinan dan praktik keagamaan untuk menghadapi kesulitan hidup. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara coping religius dengan parental burnout pada ibu yang bekerja sebagai perawat di Aceh. Metode: Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 173 ibu yang bekerja sebagai perawat, dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan Iranian Religious Coping Scale dan Parental Burnout Assessment. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara coping religius dan parental burnout. Meskipun tingkat coping religius yang tinggi ditemukan terutama melalui salat dan doa, partisipan tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda parental burnout. Kesimpulan: Coping religius dapat membantu dalam mengelola stres umum, namun belum cukup kuat mengatasi tantangan parental burnout yang kompleks dan multidimensional.

PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN ADDRESSING POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG NATURAL DISASTER SURVIVORS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-10-03T04:56:05+00:00

Background: Natural disasters can have psychological consequences for survivors, both short-term and long-term, such as post-disaster stress and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Various psychological therapies have been applied to reduce PTSD symptoms in disaster survivors. Purpose: To review the interventions and effectiveness of psychological therapies applied to survivors of natural disasters with PTSD, based on previous studies. Methods: This study used a systematic literature review method, drawing data from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Article searches were conducted using the PRISMA method. A total of 9 articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Psychological therapy interventions, such as five-finger hypnotic therapy, SEFT, art, and play, are effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in natural disaster survivors in Indonesia. Conclusion: Psychological therapy is necessary to address post-disaster PTSD, ensuring the mental and emotional well-being of disaster survivors. This research can serve as a basis for developing psychosocial intervention policies in Indonesia, particularly in planning more comprehensive disaster mitigation.

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Kejadian bencana alam dapat menimbulkan konsekuensi psikologis, baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang pada penyintasnya, seperti munculnya keadaan stres pascabencana hingga berkembangnya stres pascatrauma (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder/PTSD). Berbagai terapi psikologis telah banyak diterapkan untuk mengurangi dan menurunkan tingkat gejala PTSD pada penyintas bencana. Tujuan: Menelaah ragam intervensi serta efektivitas terapi psikologis yang telah diterapkan pada penyintas pascabencana alam dengan PTSD berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdahulu. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur sistematis yang mengambil data dari basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Scopus. Pencarian artikel menggunakan metode PRISMA. Sebanyak 9 artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah ditentukan. Hasil: Intervensi terapi psikologis, seperti terapi hipnotik lima jari, SEFT, seni, dan bermain, berpotensi efektif dalam mengurangi gejala PTSD pada penyitas bencana alam di Indonesia. Kesimpulan: Terapi psikologis dalam mengatasi PTSD pascabencana alam perlu dilakukan, agar kesehatan mental dan jiwa para penyintas bencana tetap terjaga. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan kebijakan intervensi psikososial di Indonesia, khususnya dalam perencanaan mitigasi bencana yang lebih komprehensif.

LITERATURE REVIEW: ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE INTENSITY AND INCIDENTS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2025-10-03T04:56:05+00:00

Background: Easy access to communication and information can lead to prolonged social media use, which increases the risk of depression and anxiety. Purpose: To analyze social media usage intensity on depression and anxiety among university students. Methods: A literature review was conducted by retrieving articles from PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used for article selection. Quality of the articles was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Results: The articles classified into three categories: six articles focused on depression, with four reporting statistically significant correlation; three articles on anxiety, all of which showed significant correlation; and two articles investigated both depression and anxiety, with one reported significant correlation for both variables and the other specifically for anxiety. Conclusion: Prolonged social media exposure leads to increased engagement with diverse online content, fostering self-comparison and consequently depression and anxiety. These findings emphasize the importance of higher education institutions implementing self-regulation interventions, such as self-control training programs, to mitigate adverse mental health outcomes among university students.

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Media sosial dengan manfaatnya memberikan sarana dalam menjangkau informasi, memperluas jaringan sosial, mengekspresikan diri atau hiburan. Namun, penggunaannya yang melampaui batas dapat mengakibatkan depresi maupun kecemasan. Tujuan: Menganalisis intensitas penggunaan media sosial terhadap kejadian depresi dan kecemasan pada mahasiswa. Metode: Tinjauan literatur yang diambil dari database PubMed, ResearchGate dan Google Scholar. Pencarian artikel menggunakan metode Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review & Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Kualitas artikel yang dikaji dinilai berdasarkan JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Checklist untuk analisis studi cross-sectional. Hasil: Berdasarkan sebelas artikel yang dikaji, terbagi menjadi tiga kategori: enam artikel berfokus pada variabel depresi, dengan 4 artikel menunjukkan hubungan dan 2 artikel tidak; tiga artikel membahas kecemasan, seluruhnya menunjukkan hubungan; serta dua artikel menganalisis depresi sekaligus kecemasan secara bersamaan dengan satu artikel menunjukkan hubungan kedua variabel dan satu artikel hanya menunjukkan hubungan dengan kecemasan. Kesimpulan: Lamanya pengoperasian media sosial selaras dengan lamanya terpapar bermacam informasi dari media sosial yang memungkinkan penggunanya membandingkan diri dengan orang lain. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya institusi perguruan tinggi menerapkan intervensi regulasi diri seperti program pelatihan kontrol diri pada mahasiswa, sehingga dampak negatif media sosial dapat dikurangi.

HYPNOBIRTHING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUES IN REDUCING PRENATAL ANXIETY

2025-10-03T04:56:05+00:00

Background: Anxiety during pregnancy can worsen the health of both mother and fetus if not treated appropriately. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the benefits of hypnobirthing in reducing anxiety in pregnant women. Methods: This study used a systematic review design using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework. The search strategy was conducted through electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, with a focus on articles published in the last five years (2021–2025). Keywords used in searches include "hypnobirthing" and "anxiety". Results: The majority of the studies reviewed showed that hypnobirthing techniques effectively lowered pregnant women's anxiety levels, improved relaxation, and contributed to better pain management during childbirth. Conclusion: Hypnobirthing has the potential to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention in supporting the mental health of pregnant women and helping to achieve a calmer and more controlled childbirth experience.

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Kecemasan selama kehamilan dapat memperburuk kesehatan ibu maupun janin apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manfaat hypnobirthing dalam mengurangi kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain tinjauan sistematis menggunakan kerangka kerja PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). Strategi pencarian dilakukan melalui database elektronik termasuk PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar, dengan fokus pada artikel yang diterbitkan dalam lima tahun terakhir (2021–2025). Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian termasuk “hypnobirthing” and “anxiety”. Hasil: Mayoritas studi yang ditinjau menunjukkan bahwa teknik hipnobirthing secara efektif menurunkan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil, meningkatkan relaksasi, dan berkontribusi pada manajemen nyeri yang lebih baik selama persalinan. Kesimpulan: Hypnobirthing berpotensi menjadi intervensi non-farmakologis yang efektif dalam mendukung kesehatan mental ibu hamil dan membantu tercapainya pengalaman persalinan yang lebih tenang serta terkontrol.