BURNOUT SOCIETY: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF RISING SUICIDE RATES IN INDONESIA

  • Gregory Yehezkiel Marhaendra Faculty of Philosophy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: burnout society, psychopolitics, vita contemplativa, suicide rate, mental health

Abstract

Background: Suicide cases in Indonesia have increased by 21.73% between 2021 and 2024. This indicates the need for new theoretical explanations to address this public mental health crisis. Purpose: To build an interpretive framework using Byung-Chul Han's theory of 'burnout society' that is sensitive to the psychological stress of contemporary life and the specific issue of suicide in Indonesia. Method: integrates Han's theory of burnout society with data from the Indonesian Statistics Agency and purposively selected scientific literature, excluding irrelevant sources. Using Fernandez's three-stage model (assemble, arrange, assess) and Bakker's abduction. Results: The transition to a neoliberal achievement society facilitated by the digital panopticon and psychopolitics creates dynamics that internalize failure, leading to burnout, alienation, depression, and ultimately, suicide. Conclusion: Suicide is a pathological symptom of a social imperative that commands achievement but systematically hinders its fulfillment, necessitating solutions to address this underlying psych political imperative. Hence, Han recommends the vita contemplativa—a life dedicated to deep, aimless contemplation as the antithesis to the problem of suicide.

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Kasus bunuh diri di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan sebesar 21,73% antara tahun 2021 dan 2024. Hal ini menunjukan, perlunya penjelasan teoritis baru dalam menghadapi krisis kesehatan mental masyarakat ini. Tujuan: Membangun kerangka interpretatif menggunakan teori Byung-Chul Han tentang 'masyarakat burnout' yang peka terhadap tekanan psikologis kehidupan kontemporer dan isu bunuh diri spesifik di Indonesia. Metode:  mengintegrasikan teori masyarakat kelelahan (burnout society) Han dengan data badan pusat statistik Indonesia dan literatur ilmiah yang dipilih secara purposif, dengan mengecualikan sumber yang tidak relevan. Dengan menggunakan model tiga tahap Fernandez (mengumpulkan, mengatur, menilai) dan abduksi Bakker. Hasil: Transisi menuju masyarakat pencapaian neoliberal yang difasilitasi oleh panoptikon digital dan psikopolitik dengan menciptakan dinamika yang menginternalisasikan kegagalan dengan mengarah pada burnout, alienasi, depresi, dan pada akhirnya, bunuh diri. Kesimpulan: Bunuh diri adalah gejala patologis dari imperatif sosial yang memerintahkan pencapaian namun terhalangi pemenuhannya secara sistematis, sehingga diperlukan solusi dalam mengatasi psikopolitik yang mendasar ini. Dalam menghadapi krisis ini, Han merekomendasikan vita contemplativa—sebuah bentuk kehidupan yang didedikasikan untuk berkontemplasi secara mendalam dan tanpa tujuan sebagai antitesis terhadap masalah bunuh diri.

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Published
2026-10-05
How to Cite
Marhaendra, G. Y. (2026). BURNOUT SOCIETY: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF RISING SUICIDE RATES IN INDONESIA. Journal of Community Mental Health and Public Policy, 9(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.51602/cmhp.v9i1.415
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